Recuperacion Ecologica Essays - DraftJardn Botnico De La Paz

Recuperacion Ecologica La civilizacion moderna, Mesopotamia Origen 2 rios Figis y Eufrates era un inmenso humedal - ecosistema rico (arabes de los humedales) se adapta su cabana a la isla Ecologia de restauracion.- Surgio como campo separado de la ecologia en la decada de 1980. Es el estudio cientifico de apoyo a la practica de la restauracion ecologica, practica restauracion de los ecosistemas y habitats degradados, danados o destruidos por la accion humana. Equilibrio de la naturaleza Estado climax - ecosistema llega a su estado final Restaurar que? Una respuesta aceptada es que la restauracion significa de un ecosistema a su rango historico de variacion y de la capacidad de sostenerse a si mismo y sus funciones esenciales, incluyendo el ciclo de los elementos quimicos, el flujo de energia y el mantenimiento de la diversidad biologica que existia anteriormente Que ecosistema necesitan restauracion? Los rios, los bosques, esteros, humedales Se comprueba antes de la intervencion como referentes historico Incendio - disturbio natural que debe ocurrir para comenzar de nuevo Natural - semilla necesitan de fuego para germinar Incendio provocado - problema Inundacion Cuando se recupera, se hace mas adaptado Sucesion ecologica Desde lo mas pequeno a un estado de climax Sucesion primaria - cuando un ecosistema nace de donde no existe un origen. Sucesion secundaria - Un disturbio y de ese sistema va saliendo nuevas especies adaptado al entorno y se recupera. Patrones de sucesion: Es - se propone su recuperacion 1era especia, mas pequena, mas adaptada Para restaurar un ecosistema es importante entender lo que hace una especie al reemplazar otra durante el proceso de sucesion. Si entendemos estas causas y efectos podemos utilizarlos para restaurar los ecosistemas. Especies en la sucesion puede interactuar de 3 maneras. Facilitacion.- especie pequena que crea situacion para originar nuevas especies. Interferencia.- Especie que existe en vez de ayudar, interfiere a otra especie que quiera venir. Diferencia de historia de vida.- Dos especies en un lugar interactuan, pero no tiene que ver ni una con la otra, origenes distintos pero no puede venir por el agua y el otro por el viento. Agregacion Cronica Cuando especie no interactua Riesgos naturales Peliculas - Catastrofe de la tierra naturaleza salvaje Factor limitante = especies que tendra funciones limitadas Porcentaje: 0.007 Riesgos: Precipitacion No es causa natural Radiacion absorbida por la atmosfera Ley constitucion politica Texto unificado de legalizacion secundaria de medio Pelicula: ser optimista Ciudades jardin Desarrollo sostenible Sostenibles Se deriva del bien sustentable Significa mantener apoyo soporta Decada de los 80, ha utilizado mas de sostenibilidad humana en el planeta tierra y esto ha dado lugar a la definicion mas ampliamente citado en la sostenibilidad como parte del concepto de desarrollo sostenible, la comision Brundchand de las Naciones Unidas el 20/03/1987, Noruega. El desarrollo sostenible es el desarrollo que satisface las necesidades del presente sin comprometer la capacidad de las generaciones futuras para satisfacer sus propias necesidades. Huella Ecologica.- Impacto que obtenga en el ambiente concepto para promocionar el desarrollo sostenible mediante la reduccion de los insumos utilizados para la produccion. Asi cuanto menor sea la cantidad de insumos utilizados en la produccion de una unidad de productos, tanto mayor sea la productividad entendida tambien como la eficiencia en la produccion. Reducir al maximo la cantidad de insumo para producir algo Una desmaterializacion a largo plazo puede sostener la economia en un modelo de desarrollo sostenible. Ningun recurso renovable debera utilizarse a un ritmo superior al de su generacion Ningun recurso no renovable debera aprovecharse a mayor velocidad de la necesitada para sustituirlos por un recurso renovable utilizado de manera sostenible Ningun contaminante debera producirse a un ritmo superior al que pueda ser reciclado, reutilizado o absorbido por el medio ambiente -pesticidas -residuos domesticos -gasolina Critica.- La economia ecologica la pone en discusion basandose en la paradoja de Jevons que dice que la mayor eficiencia debido a las mejores tecnicas eran un efecto rebote, o sea los ahorros de energia/materiales por unidad de producto reducen los costos con lo que aumenta el consumo. Al final el incremento de ventas, a uso contrarrestara el ahorro inicial Unos ejemplos practicos sobre desmaterializacion son los usos compartidos de productos. Car share - empresa en ciudades que tienen carro para alquiler. 81% si les gusta 63% personas si queda compartir su carro con otra que no conoce El alquiler o renta de lavadora, camaras de fotos y fotocopiadoras y otros

3 Sentences That Lack a Word to Achieve Parallel Structure

3 Sentences That Lack a Word to Achieve Parallel Structure 3 Sentences That Lack a Word to Achieve Parallel Structure 3 Sentences That Lack a Word to Achieve Parallel Structure By Mark Nichol Each of the following sentences is flawed because omission of a word prevents the statement from conveying the intended meaning. Discussion and revision point out the missing word. 1. Smith will discuss the organization’s mission and activities to date. The writer likely did not intend to suggest that the discussion would be about both the organization’s mission to date and its activities to date; its mission is almost certainly unchanging, so â€Å"to date† pertains only to the activities, and therefore that noun must be preceded by a possessive noun or pronoun to match the preceding possessive noun: â€Å"Smith will discuss the organization’s mission and its activities to date.† 2. Dennis Eckersley, with his familiar mustache and long hair flowing out from underneath his cap, was perhaps the face of the Oakland A’s in the late 1980s and early ’90s. Presumably, this baseball player’s mustache did not flow out from underneath his cap, so the references to the mustache and the long hair must have their own pronouns; in addition, each must be followed a distinct adjective: â€Å"Dennis Eckersley, with his trademark mustache and his familiar long hair flowing out from underneath his cap, was perhaps the face of the Oakland A’s in the late 1980s and early ’90s.† 3. The business moved forward without realizing the value or need for consultation with various departments. Because value and consultation would not, in isolation, be bridged with the same preposition that separate need and consultation, value requires a distinct preposition: â€Å"The business moved forward without realizing the value of or need for consultation with various departments.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 10 Colloquial Terms and Their MeaningsPhrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns

Cultural studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cultural studies - Essay Example One of these television shows is Bravo TV’s Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. Since its inception in 2003, the show has rapidly gained popularity worldwide. This is clearly evidenced by the many spin-offs of the show that have been produced in various countries around the world. Since the show has been said to break down anti-homosexual stereotypes, it is vital to review and analyze the show based on certain elements. How does the show represent homosexuality? Does it suppress or support homosexuality in today’s modern age? What meaning does the show give to gay lifestyle? In this paper, a discourse analysis of the show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy will be undertaken to provide answers to the aforementioned questions. The discussion will focus on how the show depicts homosexuality in society. Likewise, the methodology involved in collection, coding, and analysis of the data involved will be discussed. In order to gather the necessary data for the discourse analysis to be undertaken, 5 episodes of the television show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy were viewed. While watching the said shows, certain elements were closely observed to determine how homosexuality was represented. Notable elements that were closely looked at were the manner by which the â€Å"straight† guy would interact with the â€Å"Fab five.† This included words, actions, and reactions towards the actions and words of the five gay guys. It was also of great significance to focus on what each gay character does in the show. Through the observation and analysis of such details, this study will aim to achieve a synthesis of the show’s representation of homosexuality. In turn, this study will provide a glimpse of how homosexuality is depicted in media particularly in reality television shows. Queer Eye for the Straight Guy is described as follows: â€Å"Queer Eye for the Straight Guy is a

MGT WK5 GROUP ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT WK5 GROUP ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Visionary and proactive. Empathy. Integrity. Risk taking. Creativity Goal oriented. Similarly, the above characteristics will facilitate heir ability to maintain personal relationship with employees and delegation of responsibilities therefore building ateam.Agood leader should be goal oriented and should be at apposition to exhibit emotional maturity meaning emotional intelligence. The most common control mechanism is employee incentive and remuneration. It is found to be common since it s applied by most business organizations. Employee incentive entails; respect, recognition, responsibility, empowerment, social needs and salaries and remuneration (Bateman & Snell, 2009). Leading is a function of management which requires a leader to encourage employees to be highly productive and innovative. In its relation to control management, it affects the leading function of management in that it allows management to encourage employees to share their values and beliefs of the business. Lead ing works hand in hand with employee incentives in many ways and even by recognizing motivation theory and management which includes; basic needs, social needs, safety and security, esteem needs and finally self actualization. Control recognizes the fact that employees should be rewarded for their hard work and efforts (Bateman & Snell, 2009). ... els of absenteeism (d) Increased job satisfaction (e) Create confidence among employees (f) Reduces human resources costs and production costs (g) Reduces complains and grievances In relation to basic needs, effective control provides employees with reasonable pay so that they can afford some basic needs. The manager can also provide lunch if possible to employees. It ensures of employees job security and offers management to increase productivity, encourage innovation, values and beliefs of company. When utilized properly by companies as in our case, B Company, the employee incentives are found to be positive control mechanism. According to Bateman &Snell (2009), incentive programs are used to control productivity of employees through encouragement and rewards. In the case study of B&BCompany, it offers several rewards to its employees including health insurance, vacations, wellness programs and retirement benefits. It also provides stress management and opportunities for further tr aining and education. These incentives provide satisfaction while allowing management to apply control over human capital. B&B Company as any other organization recognizes its employees as one it’s major assets. Therefore they are safeguarded as well. On the other hand policies re installed by the management of this company to ensure that employees are protected rumors or informal communication which might be misleading. Room for informal groupings is also allowed in this company. Effective control recognizes efforts of employees, providing employees with titles and promoting the accordingly. It also provides for achievement of plans and should ensure that employees’ ego aren’t damaged. Control mechanism should provide for opportunities for self development. That is allowing employees

The Early Inhabitants of the Americas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Early Inhabitants of the Americas - Essay Example In this regard, the United States sought to establish a strong presence across the world in order to enhance its superiority. On the other hand, the Soviet Union fought its way by seeking support in African countries and across the East (Jones, 19). 2) The discovery of America was a turning point in the European international affairs. Countries like England, Portugal, and France were envious of Spain on the great wealth it got from the American and this led to the fight for control of the colonial lands. The focus was basically to benefit from the huge spoils. Indeed, the discovery of America created the impetus and motivation for colonization of the world and the growth of empress across the world. In comparison to the modern times, it is seen that China and the West are increasingly getting interested in Africa due to the potential of the continent. The focus of China is therefore to establish a strong presence and this is already causing much concern for countries like the United States. As such, the United States is extending various development programs to Africa with the hope of neutralizing China’s presence (Jones, 70). 3) After getting interested in the Americas, the European powers began pressing into the interior of the land and laying claims. They placed much pressure on the Spanish and this led to a series of proxy wars. The whole region came under much competition and many of the proxy wars involved the natives. The last of the war, the Yamasee War marked the end of the militancy of the Native Americans in the South. On various occasions, the United States has used such proxy wars involving natives in achieving some of its goals. For instance, during the Battle of Tora Bora in search for Osama Bin Laden in 2003, the Americas used the natives of the region who were well acquainted with the conditions in fighting against the terrorists (Jones, 89).

Local Community Participation In Eco Tourism

Local Community Participation In Eco Tourism Many factors play a big role in determining community participation in ecotourism planning initiatives. In addition community participation differ in their needs, 2.8.1 Social benefits The theoretical roots of social benefits of community participation in eco-tourism are date back to the social exchange theory. The social exchange theory assumes that social relations involve exchange of resources among groups seeking mutual benefits from exchange relationships. The central idea of social exchange theory is that the exchange of social and material resources is a fundamental determinant of human interaction. Research on residents reactions to tourism development based on the theoretical constructs of the Social Exchange Theory has examined the relationship between and among the perception of the benefits, costs, impacts, and support for tourism (Gursoy et. al.2002, Lindberg Johnson 1997, Jurowski et al. 1997). The present study is focusing on two social benefits of community participation named by awareness of changing way of life and satisfaction level of promoting local traditional and culture. As a study by Hunter and Green, (1995) defined Interaction between cultures and hosting visitors may lead to a decline in the local culture, therefore, it may lead to the neglect of the local population of their heritage and tradition of tourists, especially young people. This concept is recognized as a demonstration where the local population to modify their behavior and aspirations and by following the example of tourists. Therefore Shaw and Williams (1994), emphasized the social benefits that influence a positive impact on society, particularly those who seek to improve education and standard of living or to seek equality between the genders, demonstration effect and usually occurs among young people the host population. The consequence of this effect is the conflicts within the community among young people modern and the elder traditional. According to Ceballos-Lascurà ¡in (1996), tourism may offer employment to host residents, presenting women and youths the opportunity to earn a wage, which before was not possible, this may also cause conflict within homes, where the incomes of women or the youths may empower them, allowing them to challenge their traditional roles at home and in society. The challenging of traditional roles will also lead to changes in the culture. Concealed pre-existing divisions between communities members may be enhanced as certain individuals may benefit from tourism while others could be excluded from participating. As tourism develops there may be many economic potentials, where the first to capitalize may be quick to dominate the market. This may erupt in issues of fairness, jealousy and resentment within the community. However, in recent years social and cultural aspects have become increasingly important in the sustainable tourism debate, especially in the context of developing countries where poverty is a widespread problem (Strasdas, 2005). Garrod (2003) identified Social aspect to the ability of the local community to determ ine the social impacts of ecotourism development. Social empowerment will result in ecotourism making a contribution to the social cohesion and integrity of the local community, rather than detracting from it. it is most likely to be found in those communities where part of the net returns from ecotourism are recycled back into the local community in the form of investment in local infrastructure of the founding of social projects. According to Pongponrat Pongquan (2007) that social relations and interactions within the community became stronger among various stakeholders involved in this fair. In addition, visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their support on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. Even though the idea of ecotourism already contains social and cultural compatibility as well as the generation of benefits to local people as important elements, the focus is more on nature conservation. Awareness of changing way of life Tanya , Piyaphan and Suwipa ( 2009) conducted a study to investigate the need and readiness of community in managing community-based ecotourism; and to gather and assemble local knowledge to develop guideline for community-based ecotourism management The Hmong and Karen stakeholders from 14 villages of Mae Wang and Mae Chaem district, Chiang Mai Province, within responsible area of the Mae Hae Royal Project Development Station, were involved in this study Northern Thailand, the authors investigate relationship between awareness of changing way of life level of community participation the authors fund the result of Attraction of culture and way of life satisfied, In addition, visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their support on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. A study conducted by Assefa and Olav (2005) to examine the local peoples participation in the management and development of ecotourism projects in the Adwa district, Northern Ethiopia, the authors investigate the relationship between awareness of impacts of tourism on local life level of community participation, the authors found a negative relationship, arguing that people are more aware of the negative effects on their life and their culture of tourism more than what is on the natural environment. Ceballos-Lascurà ¡in (1996), believed that the challenging of traditional roles will also lead to changes in the culture. Therefore, Hunter and Green, (1995) refers Interaction between cultures and hosting visitors may lead to a decline in the local culture, therefore, it may lead to the neglect of the local population of their heritage and tradition of tourists, especially young people. Satisfaction level of promoting local traditional and culture Tanya Promburom, et.al 2009 conducted a study to investigate the need and readiness of community in managing community-based ecotourism; and to gather and assemble local knowledge to develop guideline for community-based ecotourism management The Hmong and Karen stakeholders from 14 villages of Mae Wang and Mae Chaem district, Chiang Mai Province, within responsible area of the Mae Hae Royal Project Development Station, were involved in this study Northern Thailand the authors investigate the relationship between promote their culture and level of community participation the authors fund the result high percentage of the village leaders and villagers had positive attitude toward tourism because it could promote their culture. (2009) recent study found that the level of participation is high, namely the relationship is significantly related between level of community participation and preservation of culture, and this study conducted by Hasnol, to interpret and develop the indicators for success of local community participation and ecotourism sites in Sabah, the author investigated the relationship between level of community participation and preservation of culture. Pongponrat and Pongquan, (2007), conducted a study to explores various aspects of community participation in local tourism development planning on Samui Island in the south of Thailand and identifies factors associated with intensity of participation of local people in the planning process organized by the Nathon community on Samui Island, the authors investigate the relationship between satisfaction level of promoting local traditional and culture among all factors- level of community participation in all phases, the authors found relationship between this factor implementation phase to be associates with the intensity of peoples participation in this stage. According to Piyaphan and Suwipa (2009), visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their suppo rt on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. Economic benefits The social exchange theory is widely used for theorizing the economic benefits of community participation in eco-tourism. The social exchange theory argues that tourism development comes with economic benefits (Claiborne, 2010). The present study is focusing on three benefits of community participation on eco-tourism named by household income, creating employment opportunities, and creating investment input. Wang and Tong (2009) emphasizes that the economic Aspects of vulnerability in improving the standard of living of the local population, and income from eco-tourism should not be used only to protect the ecological environment but also benefit the local population. Aref and Maarof (2008) defined that the community participation in tourism development is necessary if they are to provide equitable distribution of benefits of local economic. Therefore the concept of community participation is regarded as a tool to assist in ecotourism and local economic development in rural communities (Sebola and Fourie, 2006). Brandon (1993) highlights the fact that many ecotourism projects have adopted the generation of economic benefits for the local community as one of their major aims. However, it is significant that only a handful of such projects have opened up the decision making process by which the scale and distribution of these economic benefits are determined to local people. According to Brandon (1993), ecotourism projects that generate a lot of economic benefits to the community, however, these projects have opened the process of decision-making and distribution of these economic benefits to the local population. Brandon (1993) refers the linkage between economic benefits and conservation can be made more direct. One way of doing this is to ensure that any access fees that are changed are channelled directly into efforts concerned with the management of ecotourism activity and the conservation of its resource base. A good example where this already takes place is in the management of whale shark tourism in the Ningaloo Marine Park in Western Australia (Davis and Tisedell, 1998). Whale shark tourism began in the 1980s and, while the initial volume of visits was relatively small, the industry grew so rapidly that by the mid-1990s deep concerns were being expressed about the adverse impacts of tourism on the whale shark population. In a study by Garrod (20 02) involving the use of the Delphi technique to gather expert opinion on how ecotourism might best be defined, the principle that locals should benefit in economic terms from ecotourism was included in over 81 per cent of the final selection of definitions. In contrast, the principle that local people should participate in the decision-making processes through which the scale and distribution of those economic benefits are determined was included in only 27 per cent of the final selection of definitions. Butler (1999) refers that, tourism is an industry generating rapid growth of capital flows to the destination location. Diversified economies are more vulnerable to the integration of tourism in their economy, compared to the least developed (single or double-export) economies, where the effects can be severe and unexpected. Key issues relevant to the local economy and employment, and the quantity of local goods and services used to run the tourism. Lea, (1988) emphasizes that the employment provided to local communities are less skilled and lower wage earning jobs, such as cleaners, bartenders, waiters, and transport operators, cooks and this impacts negatively on society and the local population feel they are not benefiting from tourism. Lockhart and Drakakis-Smith (1997) are often imported from outside the community, such as managers and workers in two languages. Tour operators usually import skilled labour because they do not have to invest in the training of the local population. Moreover, employment in the tourism industry, seasonal, and therefore may not be secure income. As a study by Fennell (1999) emphasized import that substitute labour and/or goods cause leakage in economic benefits to the host economy. Mowforth and Munt (1998) considered that the real estate market in the destination location is a driving force for the growth of the tourism industry and as a tool to enable investors to Earth has lifted the market value of land by purchase from the local population and development. The local population profit from the sale of land in the beginning, but in the long term, they recognize the sovereignty of the new owners of the land and therefore the new owners of the land access to energy in the development process. Archer and Cooper (1998) believe investment in tourism infrastructure that could benefit the community through improvements in telecommunications networks, roads and ports. This may allow for other economic opportunities for the local area. Household income Hoque and Itohara. (2008), conducted a study to know the present status of rural womens participation and decision making role in economic activities in Bangladesh, the author found relationship between household income among others- and level of participation in decision making phase, contribution of womens personal income on their role in family decision making they are being capable to contribute in household income which is improving their status in the family even some cases they are playing active role in taking decision regarding some family issues. Thus it is proved that due to participation in EAs women in the rural areas are contributing in household income that has also improved their role in family decision making than before. Ye Zhang (2010) conducted a study to investigate the preferences of residents in the Midwestern United States on how they would like to be involved in tourism planning and development, and the personal factors that influenced their preferences, the author fund people who preferred spontaneous participation had higher household income than those who preferred induced participation. Robert S. Pomeroya, Enrique G. Oracionb, Richard B. Pollnacc, Demberge A. Caballes 2005 conducted a study to examines factors influencing the sustainability of ICM projects in the Philippines, specifically, the study focused on two locations in the country, Bais Bay area of Negros Oriental Province and Mabini-Tingloy (known as Anilao), the author investigate relationship between household income and level of community participation this relationship positive relate. Tanya Promburom, Piyaphan Klunklin and Suwipa Champawalaya 2009 conducted a study to investigate the need and readiness of community in managing community-based ecotourism; and to gather and assemble local knowledge to develop guideline for community-based ecotourism management The Hmong and Karen stakeholders from 14 villages of Mae Wang and Mae Chaem district, Chiang Mai Province, with in responsible area of the Mae Hae Royal Project Development Station, were involved in this study Northern Thailand the authors investigate the relationship between promote their culture level of community participation the authors fund the result high percentage of the village leaders and villagers had positive attitude toward tourism because it could generate additional income, promote their culture, and improve infrastructure. Pongponrat. K. Pongquan.S, (2007), conducted a study to explores various aspects of community participation in local tourism development planning on Samui Island in the south of Thailand and identifies factors associated with intensity of participation of local people in the planning process organized by the Nathon community on Samui Island, the authors found relationship between household income among others- and level of local community participation in all phases and specifically in decision making and implementation phases, this mean that local people who had relatively better- off income tended to participant intensively, this implies that these people had more time to be involved in planning activities than those in the low income category, who are busy earning their living and contributed less time in planning and implementation activities. Brandon (1993) believed that the ecotourism projects have adopted the generation of economic benefits for the local community as one of their major aims. However, it is significant that only a handful of such projects have opened up the decision making process by which the scale and distribution of these economic benefits are determined to local people. Creating employment opportunities Robert S. Pomeroya, Enrique G. Oracionb, Richard B. Pollnacc, Demberge A. Caballes 2005 conducted a study to examine factors influencing the sustainability of ICM projects in the Philippines specifically, the study focused on two locations in the country, Bais Bay area of Negros Oriental Province and Mabini-Tingloy (known as Anilao), the authors investigate relationship between the employment opportunities and level of community participation the authors fund this relationship positive relate. Liu Tao, Xu Fuying, 2005 conducted a study to summarize the community participation model of rural tourism, and then analyzes the benefit appeals and the contradictories of main stakeholders of community participation in rural tourism from the following five aspects: government, community collective agency, community resident, rural tourism enterprises and rural tourists in China, the authors argued local government hopes creating more employment opportunities, driving the development of relate d industries, promoting the current new rural construction, and enhancing the popularity of the destination and so on through the development of rural tourism. Assefa T. Olav Oyhus A. 2005, conducted a study to examine the local peoples participation in the management and development of ecotourism projects in the Adwa district, Northern Ethiopia, the authors investigate the relationship between employment opportunities level of community participation the authors fund the relationship positive relate, argued that the majority of the population can be sober beneficiaries of job opportunities and get a direct benefit and that members of society must be sober-the direct beneficiaries. Denman, (2001) conducted a study to identify some general principles, and highlight some practical considerations for community-based ecotourism, the author investigated the relationship between creating employment opportunities and level of community participation, the author found that variable increas e from degree of community participation. Lea, (1988) emphasizes that the employment provided to local communities are less skilled and lower wage earning jobs, such as cleaners, bartenders, waiters, and transport operators, cooks and this impacts negatively on society and the local population feel they are not benefiting from tourism. Environment benefits Similarly to social and economic benefits, the social exchange theory can be used to theorize the environmental benefits of community participation in tourism such as increasing conservation of local environment and increasing management skills in resources utilization. The theory provides the basis for recognizing people`s need to engage in an interaction process where they seek something of value, be it material, social, or psychological. The present study is focusing on two benefits of community participation on eco-tourism named by increasing conservation of local environment and increasing management skills in resources utilization. The study by Hunter and Green, (1995) to determine the impacts of tourism on the environment, they reported that these impacts are negative and may not always be clear, since it takes a lot of time before it appears. However the consumption of resources, built environment, land use, behavior of tourists and amount of tourism will affect the host destinations environment (Swarbrooke, 1999). According to Hunter and Green (1996), environmental degradation may occur in the form of: Overexploitation of natural resources Biodiversity loss Disruption of species breeding habits Soil erosion land reclamation Soil contamination from waste disposal Coastal and ground water pollution from waste, sewage and oil disposal. Consumption of tourists will increase demand on local natural resources, which in many cases has led to environmental degradation. As the demand for wood for cooking, heating increased in parallel with the increasing number of hikers in mountainous areas. Thus, this demand has led to further deforestation and soil erosion to be so negative impact on the environment and society (Ceballos-Lascurà ¡in, 1996). Miller (1999) noted that land reclamation is often a result of the pressures on coastal areas affects the local environment and population, leading to negatively impact the environment and local residents, particularly mangrove forests are typical targets due to their shallow waters. In addition to they are also the nursery ground for a wide range of marine life and prevent coastal erosion. In addition to local people reported a very high degree of benefit regarding increased management skill in resource utilisation relating to environmental aspects; all other aspects relating to social, and economic benefits were rated at a high level. Likewise, local people were satisfied with the community participation in local tourism development in various social, economic, and environmental aspects (Pongponrat Pongquan, 2007). People reported a very high degree of benefit regarding increased management skill in resource utilisation relating to environmental aspects; all other aspects relating to social, economic and environment benefits were rated at a high level. Knowledge and understanding of the principles and objectives of a participation approach are key factors associated with the intensity of peoples participation leading local people to participate in group meetings, identifying problems and needs and plan for their groups activities (Pantong 1996). In other studies, age, length of membership, favourable attitude towards the group, income, and perceived benefits obtained from the group were found substantially associated with the intensity of their participation (Sirisongkram et al. 1999 and Pattarnarakha 2003). In addition, the willingness to participate in a development activity is another factor to be considered as this will be greater when the people could see immediate benefits to be obtained from a project in which they are going to participate (Gurung 1981:34). Likewise, local people were satisfied with the community participation in local tourism development in various social, economic, and environmental aspects. Setty (1994) and Garrod (2003) identified certain factors inhibiting peoples participation. Those factors comprise self-interest, encouragement provided by local leaders, knowledge and skills, availability of time, resource and materials, interest in welfare of community, costs-benefits of participation, quick results, gender, age, pattern of local internal communication and influence of culture and religion. Garrod (2003) found Social aspect refers to the ability of the local community to determine the social impacts of ecotourism development. Social empowerment will result in ecotourism making a contribution to the social cohesion and integrity of the local community, rather than detracting from it. it is most likely to be found in those communities where part of the net returns from ecotourism are recycled back into the local community in the form of investment in local infrastructure of the founding of social projects. Garrod (2003) Economic aspect refers to the local communitys ability to make and take opportunities for economic development through the development of ecotourism. It may also refer to the local communitys access to the productive resources that are being targeted by ecotourism. A community that is economically empowered is one where incomes are being enhanced and lasting employment is generated, where the economic benefits of ecotourism development are shared equitably among the community as a whole, and where the local community retains access rights to communitys resources base. Conservation of the environment Hassnol (2009) conducted a study to interpret and develop the indicators for success of local community participation and ecotourism sites in Sabah, the author investigated the relationship between level of community participation conservation of the environment the author found that the level of participation is high, namely the relationship is significantly related. Denman (2001) conducted a study to identify some general principles, and highlight some practical considerations for community-based ecotourism the author investigate the relationship between level of community participation and conservation , the author found that conservation enabling the community to influence activity and earn income from tourism namely that relationship significantly relate. Himoonde (2007) conducted a study to examine what local benefits accrue to the community and the level at which they participate in ecotourism, the author investigate the relationship between conservation of environment and le vel of community participation, and found the relationship high and significant. Degree of benefits gained in the increase of management skills in resources utilization Pongponrat. K. Pongquan.S, (2007), conducted a study to explores various aspects of community participation in local tourism development planning on Samui Island in the south of Thailand and identifies factors associated with intensity of participation of local people in the planning process organized by the Nathon community on Samui Island, the authors investigate the relationship between degree of benefits gained in the increase of management skills in resources utilization among all factors- and level of community participation in all phases the authors found relationship between this factor decision making and implementation to be associates with intensity of community participation in this phases and decision making phase in particular Researcher in this factor need to know the response of society to participate in the planning of eco-tourism in a country such as Yemen is one of the third world countries. Abdullah (2008) conducted a study to investigates the problems that affe cted natural resources and local community involvement in management to mitigate such problem in Bangladesh, the author investigate the relationship between management skills resources utilization and level of community participation the findings show relationship significant relate. Sebola (2005) conducted a study to investigate the ecotourism potential of the Maleboho Nature Reserve, and the manner in which such potential may be utilised to benefit the local communities around the nature reserve, the author investigate relationship between management skills and level of community participation, the findings show that relationship significant relate. 2.9 Hypotheses development 2.9.1 Social benefits There are several studies provide empirical evidence of the positive relationship between social benefits and level of community participation in ecotourism (see for example, Shaw and Williams (1994), Strasdas (2005) and Pongponrat Pongquan, (2007) In recent years social and cultural aspects have become increasingly important in the sustainable tourism debate, especially in the context of developing countries where poverty is a widespread problem. Hence, that social relations and interactions within the community became stronger among various stakeholders involved in this fair. In addition, visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their support on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. 2.9.1.1 Awareness of changing way of life Theoretically, Michael (2009) argued that tourism development contributes positively towards poverty alleviation and improvement of services, employment and training projects and increase awareness of the changing way of life, which increases in participation by the community. Piyaphan and Suwipa (2009) Believed to change the way of life to attract culture in addition to teaching visitors local traditions and culture which helps the community to get support for the promotion of local culture and maintain in the future and that encourages community participation in tourism. Schulenkorf (2008) argued that there are positive effects of change the way of life and this leads to improvement of general living conditions in communities and increase the quality of life of the people. However, the way of life, are ideally suited to become tourism products because they encompass the features that make a community unique and are experiential in nature (McKercher and Ho 2006). Piyaphan and Suwipa (2009), McKercher and Ho (2006), Schulenkorf (2008). all provide empirical support of the positive relationship between employment opportunities and level of community participation in ecotourism. Thus, it is interesting to reexamine the relationship between Awareness of changing way of life and level of community participation in ecotourism in Yemen context that differ significantly in its economic, social, and environmental conditions from the countries in which this relationship was tested. This may help improve our understanding of the impact of this factor on level of community participation in ecotourism. Therefore, based on the above argument, the following hypothesis is proposed: H1: there is a positive relationship between Awareness of changing way of life and level of community participation in ecotourism in Yemen. 2.9.1.2 Promoting local traditional and culture Theoretically, Promburom, et.al 2009 argued that promote culture and traditional the village leaders and villagers had positive attitude toward tourism because it could promote their culture. Piyaphan and Suwipa ( 2009), believed visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their support on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. Promburom, et al, (2009), Hassnol (2009), Pongponrat. K. Pongquan.S, (2007), all provide empirical support of the positive relationship between promoting local traditional and culture and level of community participation in ecotourism. Thus, it is interesting to reexamine the relationship between Promoting local traditional and culture and level of community participation in ecotourism in Yemen context that differ significantly in its economic, social, and environmental conditions from the countries in which this relationship was tested. This may help improve our understanding of the impact of this factor on level of community participation in ecotourism. Therefore, based on the above argument, the following hypothesis is proposed: H2: there is a positive relationship between Promoting local traditional and culture and level of community participation in ecotourism in Yemen. 2.9.2 Economic benefits Brandon (1993), Butler (1999), Sebola and Fourie, (2006), Wang and Tong (2009), all provide empirical support of the positive relationship between economic benefits and level of community participation in ecotourism. It is argued that economic benefits; To get different benefits to improving the standard of living of the local population. Moreover, that many ecotourism projects have adopted the generation of economic benefits for the local community as one of their major aims. In addition ecotourism projects that generate a lot of economic benefits to the community, however, these projects have opened the process of decision-making and distribution of these economic benefits to the local population. As well as tou

My Friend Essay -- describe a potential classmate

Question: Many students expand their view of the world during their time in college. Such growth often results from encounters between students who have lived different cultural, economic, or academic experiences. With your future growth in mind, describe a potential classmate that you believe you could learn from either within or outside a formal classroom environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is hard to think about specific qualities of someone whom I could learn from without examining my own background and surroundings. My hometown of Wayland, Massachusetts is probably much different than Austin, Texas. Wayland is a small suburban town about twenty miles west of Boston. It is not extremely crowded here, but there are probably enough people and buildings to generate at least a small sense of claustrophobia in someone who is used to an open landscape. Wayland is a very intellectual community, and virtually all of the adults are well educated and many hold a professional degree. Most of the high school students are diligent about their studies, and just about everybody lives a comfortable, safe life here. Unfortunately, there isn’t much excitement in this town, and unless one stays busy with a hobby, job, or other activity, it can be downright boring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My friend, Bob was much different than anyone I knew in Wayland. I’d have to say some of my friends from Wayland would probably think Bob is a hick because of his rural background, but he’s smarter than just about all of them. I met... My Friend Essay -- describe a potential classmate Question: Many students expand their view of the world during their time in college. Such growth often results from encounters between students who have lived different cultural, economic, or academic experiences. With your future growth in mind, describe a potential classmate that you believe you could learn from either within or outside a formal classroom environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is hard to think about specific qualities of someone whom I could learn from without examining my own background and surroundings. My hometown of Wayland, Massachusetts is probably much different than Austin, Texas. Wayland is a small suburban town about twenty miles west of Boston. It is not extremely crowded here, but there are probably enough people and buildings to generate at least a small sense of claustrophobia in someone who is used to an open landscape. Wayland is a very intellectual community, and virtually all of the adults are well educated and many hold a professional degree. Most of the high school students are diligent about their studies, and just about everybody lives a comfortable, safe life here. Unfortunately, there isn’t much excitement in this town, and unless one stays busy with a hobby, job, or other activity, it can be downright boring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My friend, Bob was much different than anyone I knew in Wayland. I’d have to say some of my friends from Wayland would probably think Bob is a hick because of his rural background, but he’s smarter than just about all of them. I met...

Discuss the Purpose and Function of Art Essay

What is the purpose and function of art? Art plays a large role in our everyday life. It has a heavy impact on our different cultures countries around the world. With the different countries there are different forms of art. These forms of art are some people lives. Some people enjoy art as a hobby; some make a living from art. It is just involved in so many of our daily lives. Art enhances our creativity. It also allows your curiosity explore. For the fact that art is so versatile everyone can learn, enjoy art for what it means to them. There are many functions and purpose of art like for instance. The beauty of art most arties paint with their religion and or there believes rather if they are Catholic or Christen. Many artiest paint what they see, also painters paint with a certain design to these paintings. For example there will be a letter in a painting showing there artiest initial or of a loved one shadowing to a citrine side showing that this is his work like a signature. The oldest purpose of art is a vehicle for religious ritual. From prehistoric cave paintings to the modern day churches, art has served religion. In traditional societies even today, the primary purpose of art is religious or ceremonial. Some arties desire to give form to their spiritual belief is especially apparent in the translation for Christians and religion. Artist express what god is to them and how they in vision him. For example, In the work of art the Magical Figure with the nails in the sculpture represents everything that person has done bad in their life to others, they will receive the same pain inflicting on them when the pass on to the next life. Some were said to pursue withes, thieves, and adulterers at night. Some Magical figures stand up straight, the raised right is for it to hold some type of weapon, and the holes in its stomach represented contained medicine that was magical. Art is a simple means of recording of visual data, telling the truth about what they see. In time, the artists began in various ways to challenge the basic idea of what it is for an image to be true or real. But the art of seeing is not a simple matter of our vision making a divert recording of reality seeing both the physical process the arties sees many different things as in the light things that no other average person during the day or night many painters see things like fear, desire, emotions and beliefs when u look for that I will find yourself capturing that certain moment in life. Art can also be seen as creating beauty. The idea of beauty, like that of truth, is challenged by the modern era. At one time artist were expected to portray perfection, lofty and noble ideas of beauty. For example, the Apollo Belvedere if the artist would have messed up just a little then the whole sculpture would have been ruined and they would have to scrap it and start all over again. Art is also used as a form of storytelling with powerful meanings. For example, the lower nine panels of the lancet window in the west front Chartres Cathedral it shows a story telling of the Virgin Mary giving birth to Jesus and the three wise men as well others. Art gives off intense emotion. The power of art can be seen in literal ways in the capturing of facial expression and body language. Certain religious art, the work of expressionist such as Munch are charged with powerful emotions. Picasso, in works such as Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon and The Seated Bather is able to communicate intense emotion, by giving form to his tormented feelings toward females. Americans viewing all groups of art ask themselves the same questions, what is the purpose of this particular work of art? What is my relation to the work and why? We ask ourselves every day why this? Anyway one of the primary functions of art is to interpret the subject matter at hand. Subject matter does not change much over time, and new subject matter has evolved, the human condition, nature, and events still continue to capture the attention of artists.

Charles Schulz essays

Charles Schulz essays Charles Schulz was the cartoonist for the comic strip peanuts. He researched, designed, wrote, and drew every strip that appeared in the daily and Sunday newspapers around the world for almost 50 years. Charles Schulz was born November 26, 1922 in St. Paul Minnesota. His father was a barber and struggled to make enough money. Early on he knew that he had talent for drawing because he could draw better than his older cousin. His teachers kept telling him that he was going to be an artist. He said that he was born to draw comic strips. My ambition from earliest memory was to produce a daily comic strip, said Schulz. Even though his family did not have a lot of money they still found a way to enroll Charles in a correspondence course in cartooning. The school is now called the Art Instruction Schools, Inc. in Minneapolis. As a student, Schulz struggled through the program because he was shy and insecure. He submitted his coursework by mail instead of in person. He received a C+, at the art school, in the Drawing of Children. Schulzs mother, Dena, was diagnosed with cancer at about the same time he was going to school. The whole family from their nice home to an apartment above a drug store. Eventually Schulz finished his correspondence courses in cartooning and tried to sell his cartoons. Before he could successfully sell any of them, he was drafted into World War II. Within days of being drafted, his mother passed away. Charles Schulz said that being drafted into the military welcomed a change of pace and a shocking confirmation that life would never be the same again. In the military, Schulz developed the work ethic that caused his life-long success. He excelled as an infantryman, a staff sergeant, and the leader of a machine-gun squad. During his years in the service, Schulzs put most of his illustrating aside. However, he did decorate the soldiers ...

church & state in roman empire essays

church & state in roman empire essays Church and State in the Roman Empire Since the conception of the Constitution, the United States has been in a quandary about the involvement of religion within government. Currently, the hot button issue involves a moment of morning prayer in public schools. The bureaucracy is still deciding whether or not this proposal infringes upon the Constitution. This impasse between church and state is not new. One of the first examples of the combination of church and state occurred when Constantine declared Christianity the official religion of Rome. The legalization of Christianity changed in Roman identity. While religion usually is for the betterment of society, the legalization of Christianity was one of the contributing factors that led to the eventual decline of the Roman Empire. To begin, the Early Republic (509-287 B.C.) shows how soon the Romans established their hierarchy with the patron-client relationships. These relationships remained after Constantine legalized Christianity. Patrons, or defenders, had clients, or dependents, to work for them. In return, patrons vouched for their clients and provided them a steady job (NSONCR 147-148). A clear view of ones place in society was clear. Additionally, society was broken down into two: plebeians and patriarchs. From lecture, with respect to the Roman ideal persona, a patriarch was born wealthy and inherited much of his riches. Making a better life for oneself was frowned upon, one was expected to stay within the class one was born into; the current ideal of the American Dream clearly does not fit into the Roman agenda. Furthermore, Roman identity was molded in their early values consisting of pietas, virtus, gravitas, dignitas and actoritas. Early Roman primary sources document how important living out these values was to their society. The Early History of Rome documents the rape of Lucretia. Afte...

The Classroom Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Classroom Plan - Essay Example As I have grown and become a mother, my philosophy on children, how they learn and grow has evolved. Personally, I have witnessed my children grow stage by stage and what each stage entailed in their development. It is amazing how one moves from one stage to another. Physically, it is obvious, but cognitively, it takes a while to realize that they grow out from being babies sooner than I expect. I believe that there are certain skills that develop per stage and that they learn from developmentally-appropriate activities before they can progress to another level. I have also learned that children are capable of learning if they are just trusted enough to be let go to explore and discover things for themselves and even solve simple problems on their own. In allowing them such, it communicates to them is respect for their own learning styles. An educational approach that adheres to a constructivist philosophy, is usually based on the theories of Piaget or Vygotsky. A Piagetian-based classroom promotes discovery learning, sensitivity to childrens readiness to learn, and acceptance of individual differences (Berk, 2008). A Vygotskian-based classroom on the other hand, emphasizes assisted discovery, in which both teacher guidance and peer collaboration are virtually important (Berk, 2008). Taken together, both will highly benefit the preschool child. I also subscribe to Howard Gardner’s (1983) Multiple Intelligence theory. It has motivated educators and ordinary people to think that each person has a giftedness that makes him special in his own way. Gardner claims that intelligence is not limited to the cognitive domain, as traditionally conceptualized. He views it in a much broader sense to include the individual’s affective, social and creative domains. He has come up with a number of intelligences a person possesses within him, as

Arts and culture of Baroque period Research Paper

Arts and culture of Baroque period - Research Paper Example Artists in this period were known for their habit and love for artwork that revealed the fantastic energy and induced emotional reactions from various individuals in the society. Thus, the onlookers and admirers of various artworks exhibited a range of emotional reactions. Equally important, Baroque art was widely known for the use of bright colors and selective illumination of figures. The artists were dynamic in their works revealing various senses of movement while drawing. Furthermore, these artists drew images that were direct and distinct to different people in the community. Although these images were obvious, creative artists made them dramatic. They did this by using dramatic colors and effects on their work. Moreover, they enhanced their artworks by ensuring continuous overlapping of element and figures in their drawings. During this period, there were numerous talented artists whose work were admirable and highly demanded. Although the artists were many, the rules required the every artist to work specifically for or under one patron at a time. The number of patrons at that time was equally large since the demand for the artwork was high. According to the article Baroque art, patrons such as the church, secular government and the courts among other were in need of artists. The rules and regulations set by the artist/patron relationship act empowered patrons giving them total control and authority over contracted artists. Although this rule worked for a very long period, it later changed.